Four of these series are published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and used to construct the two spliced data series produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The historical section of the spliced data series (January 1967 to December 1996) is calculated by using the Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) of Real Manufacturing and Trade Industries Sales, while the section after December 1996 uses to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The Real Manufacturing and Trade Industries Sales data are used by the NBER to gauge the business cycles of the U.S. economy.

These 34 monthly data series published on the Census’s Advance Monthly Sales for Retail and Food Services release represent retail sales by major business establishments, such as motor vehicles, gasoline, and grocery stores.

These 10,181 annual international series from the World Bank’s Global Financial Development Database include measures of financial characteristics, such as the size of institutions, concentration, and competition in the banking market.

These 12 data series published by the Economic Policy Uncertainty group depict uncertainty about economic policy making. The indexes are constructed by economics professor Nick Bloom (Stanford), doctoral student in economics Scott Baker (Stanford), and professor of economics Steven Davis (University of Chicago Booth School of Business).

FRED has expanded to include 19 series from the Federal Reserve Board’s Z.1 Flow of Funds release. These series complete the data that appears on tables: B.100, B.102, and B.103. The series titles have been changed to match the titles in the Data Download Program on the Board of Governors’ website. Also, the notes for each series now contain the Board of Governors’ series id to make searching the Flow of Funds Guide easier.

These 384 quarterly series from the Federal Housing Finance Agency include 355 series for metropolitan statistical areas and 29 series for metropolitan divisions. Here, a house price index is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices.

These 392 international series from the University of Pennsylvania’s Penn World Table 7.1 include 190 ratios of GNP to GDP; 29 purchasing power parity– converted GDP per person engaged in labor force; 121 purchasing power parity– converted GDP per person counted in total employment; and 52 purchasing power parity– converted GDP per hour worked by employees.

These seven series from the World Bank represent the cash balance as a percentage of GDP for St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Japan, and Sweden, as well as the total central government debt as a percentage of GDP for Bulgaria, Seychelles, and Azerbaijan.